BadgerPundit’s friends at Boots & Sabers have taken the bull by the horns and addressed the politically contentious issue of how much public school teachers deserve to be paid. Owen & Co. are brave indeed to ask this important question, because they will invariably be criticized for hate speech against teachers, and belittling the importance of “investments” in the future of Wisconsin’s children. Although it is politically incorrect, the question of what teachers really deserve is necessary, because it bears directly on the level of Wisconsin’s education spending and the optimal level of taxation. The capos of Wisconsin’s Education Mafia don’t want to have this discussion, of course. They simply expect the taxpayers to hand over the cash and shut up.
BadgerPundit believes that public school teachers in the United States, and Wisconsin, are on average overcompensated relative to their private market equivalents, skill levels, and opportunity costs. Perversely, the union pay scale which leads to all teachers being overpaid, on average, also causes many fine and accomplished individual teachers to be underpaid relative to their productivity and opportunity costs.
Let’s begin by forthrightly confronting some uncomfortable truths. Uncomfortable Truth #1 is that public school teachers, on average, just aren’t that smart or well-educated. As University of Chicago economist Thomas Sowell observes in his book Inside American Education, public school teachers are drawn from the lowest achieving pool of American college students:
Whether measured by Scholastic Aptitude Tests, ACT tests, vocabulary tests, reading comprehension tests, or Graduate Record Examinations, students majoring in education have consistently scored below the national average.
In 1980-81, students majoring in education scored lower on both verbal and quantitative SATs than students majoring in art, music, theater, the behavioral sciences, physical sciences, or biological sciences, business or commerce, engineering, mathematics, the humanities or health occupations. Engineering students tend to be lopsidedly better mathematically than verbally, but nevertheless their verbal scores exceed those of education majors, just as art and theater majors had higher mathematics scores than education majors.
At the graduate level, it is much the same story, with students in numerous other fields outscoring education students on the Graduate Record Examination--from 91 points composite to 259 points, depending upon the field. The pool of graduate students in education supplies not only the teachers, counselors, and administrators, but also professors of education and other 'leaders' and spokesmen for the education establishment. [Therefore], educators are drawing disproportionately from the dregs of the college-educated population. ... In short, some of the least qualified students, taught by the least qualified professors in the lowest quality courses supply most American public school teachers.
Uncomfortable Truth #2 is that public school teachers, on average, are poorly trained in their subject areas. Despite elaborate credentialing procedures, extensive required education, and highly bureaucratic certification schemes, America's public school teachers know remarkably little about the material we actually expect them to teach our children. This recent article in USA Today recounts the frustration of one of the few well-intentioned educators in the public system who values quality over union solidarity:
To create the illusion of having "qualified teachers," states and individual school systems have tried to get the public to believe that "qualified" and "certified" are synonymous. Any parent who has seen some of the pathetic "certified" teachers, protected by tenure and the teacher unions, and allowed to draw taxpayers' dollars year after year, knows that state certification does not even rise to a minimum competency level.
In some states, the verbal pass rate on The Praxis Series test used to license teachers is set below the 25th percentile. In Kentucky, for instance, the verbal pass rate on the Praxis is set at the 20th percentile, even though a teacher's verbal ability is crucial to a child's learning.
Several years ago, I graded the essay section of the National Teachers Exam administered by the Educational Testing Service. For the most part, the writing was wretched, far below the quality of the papers of high school seniors I had read while grading the Advanced Placement English exam. Yet the standards were so minimal that even candidates who appeared to be semiliterate had to get passing scores. I couldn't help but think to myself that these horrible students would soon be in the classroom, stamped "state-certified" because they had taken the right education courses.
Lest you buy into the WEAC spin that such horror stories are anecdotal and unrepresentative of public school teachers as a whole, consider the following facts from Wisconsin. Wisconsin only last year began to require new teachers to take the PRAXIS II subject exam (designed to assess competency in the subject a beginning teacher will teach), and just look at all the complaining from Wisconsin's teachers of tomorrow. To add insult to injury, for those future teachers who can't pass the PRAXIS subject tests, the state has provided an alternative certification mechanism so that even the most incompetent aspiring teachers can begin drawing a paycheck at our children's expense. Amazingly, the state only began requiring PRAXIS I, a basic reading and math skills assessment, in 1998. Wisconsin's career educators, entering service before 1998, are presumably exempt from even these minimal standards. To decide for yourself whether an education degree is entitled to the same consideration as one in law, computer science, mathematics,business, or medicine, try these sample PRAXIS I questions out on your own.
Further, the lack of fundamental subject area comptency is well known in the public education system, particularly in mathematics, the physical sciences, and history.
How did we get to this sorry pass in teacher education? This report provides the post mortem, but as surely as Colonel Mustard struck with the candlestick in the library, we know that teachers' unions are to blame.
The purpose of all of these citations is to advance the contraversial notion that for many existing public school teachers, their demonstrated human capital is simply not as valuable as the incumbent teachers think it is. For many public school teachers, particularly in underperforming districts, there is no alternative occupation in the private sector which would be more remunerative. For teachers who are underqualified to begin with, studies show that years of experience and pointless "continuing education" don't make a difference.
Not that teachers in Wisconsin are all that poorly paid to begin with. The average teacher salary in Wisconsin, according to the most recent data, is $41,056 per year. Given that teachers get at least 2 months more of vacation per year than a private sector worker, you can gross that up to about $49,300 for comparison purposes. On top of that, the state estimates the average benefit package for Wisconsin's teachers at about $12,699 per year (the 3rd most generous benefit package in the U.S.) Thus, an average Wisconsin teachers all-in annualized compensation works out to nearly $62,000 per year- not bad for a job from which it is virtually impossible to be fired. This compensation seems all the more generous when you consider that the median per capita personal income in Wisconsin is just over $28,000 per year. Making a generous allowance of $5,000 per year for skimpier private sector benefits, the average Wisconsin teacher makes 88% more on an annualized basis than does the average Wisconsin taxpayer who pays his salary.
The purpose of my analysis here is not to belittle teachers. A central tenet of a free labor market is that if you want more productive, higher skilled employees, you must be willing to pay more (up to the marginal product of labor). This economic principle is as true of education as it is of any other industry. The reason for the relatively low level of human capital we observe in America's (and Wisconsin's) public schools reflects the absence of market forces in rewarding the most productive teachers. The irony is that competition would likely substantially raise the wage of the best teachers above current levels, while brooming the very worst out of the system. However, union pay scales which reward only meaningless Ed-School certifications and seniority prevent the public education system from discovering, and adequately rewarding, the most productive teachers. As such, the most talented candidates either avoid the teaching profession altogether, or soon leave it in frustration. This negative selection process operates forcefully to reduce the average quality of the existing teacher stock, resulting in a state education establishment which is less productive, underskilled, and almost certainly overpaid.
If schools are forced to compete for students (through a voucher system or other means), schools have an incentive to reward productivity and to pay good teachers what they are worth. They also lose the ability to keep the incompetent deadwood on the payroll. Properly rewarding productive teachers would mean substantial liberalization of teacher work rules and curtailment of teacher collective bargaining rights. While these changes would benefit the best teachers, they would be bad news for the worst. And since the WEAC membership primarily comprises several decades worth of accumulated deadwood, you can expect them to fight meaningful education reform all the way.
However, even the WEAC parasites know that something is rotten in the state of public education. A recent study shows that nationwide, public school teachers are more likely to send their own children to private schools than the population at large. In Milwaukee, 29.4% of public school teachers send their children to private schools, versus just 23.4% of the general Milwaukee population. It is revealing that those with the best information about the state of America's public schools are opting out of the system at a higher rate than the rest of us suckers...er, I mean taxpayers.
What are public school teachers worth? Potentially a lot, if properly incentivized. But the current crop is assuredly not worth what we have paid for it. So to WEAC, I say, not another dime for teachers in Wisconsin until the teachers unions and their stranglehold on the system have been smashed.